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Frequently Asked Questions

How do I request technical support?

Romagnole offers technical assistance for all its products. You can request it through the Contact Form, filling in your details and selecting the 'Technical Assistance' option, or by clicking [here]. here.

What are concrete artifacts?

It is a common term given to generally large pieces made of concrete. The CNAE (National Classification of Economic Activities) defines them as pre-molded or prefabricated pieces with a structural function. Very common in civil construction and in electrical power distribution networks.


What is the difference between concrete and cement?

Although they are often used synonymously, cement and concrete are distinct terms with different applications.

Cement is a fine powder made from limestone and other minerals that, when added to water, serves as a binder for concrete; in other words, it is one of the elements of concrete.

Concrete, in turn, is obtained from a mixture of cement, water, crushed stone, and sand. And if, after that, metal is added, it becomes reinforced concrete.


What is reinforced concrete?

They are concrete structures that have steel bars inside them.

Concrete is known for its high compressive strength, but it has a deficiency in resistance to tensile stresses. The addition of steel reinforcement to concrete overcomes this deficiency, and the concrete structure becomes more resistant.


How are the posts made?

They are made of reinforced concrete, that is, concrete with a steel structure inside.


What types of poles are offered?

Service entrance poles are offered for public lighting, power distribution and transmission.

What is the difference between a type B double T pole and a type R circular pole?

The main difference between the type B double T-pole and the type R circular pole is the type of cross-section.

The double T model has a cross-section similar to an H, with the closed lateral face being B and the open lateral face being A. The resistance of each face is different, with face A resisting half the nominal load applied to face B. For example, a pole with a nominal load of 300 daN on face B has a nominal capacity of 150 daN on face A.

The circular pole R, as the name suggests, has a circular cross-section and, in this case, the resistance in all directions is the same. Therefore, a 300 daN pole has a nominal capacity of 300 daN in all directions.

When are the Double T type B and Circular type R poles used?

This depends on the region. In the case of Paraná and Santa Catarina, the companies Copel and Celesc use the double T type B pole in their distribution network. In this situation, the entire network is designed and engineered to use this type of pole, avoiding torsional stresses.

In regions such as the states of São Paulo and Rio Grande do Sul, the most commonly used models are the circular R-type poles.

What is the length of the pole?

The length of the pole may vary depending on the network design.

Service entrance poles range from 6 to 7.5 m in length.

Type D distribution network poles range from 7 to 12 m. Type B and R poles can range from 9 to 20 m.

Power transmission poles can reach heights of 35 m or more.

What is the embedment length of a pole?

The embedment depth of the pole can vary depending on its length. To calculate this embedment depth, we use the formula established in NBR 8451, where E = Length x 0.1 + 0.60. Where E is the embedment length.

For example, a 12 m pole will be embedded at 1.80 m (E = 12 x 0.1 + 0.60).


Which pole should be used for a specific transformer model?

First, it is necessary to know what forces are acting at that point in the network. This information should be consulted with the network designer in order to determine the suitability of the pole type.


Can the pole be used as a reflector?

In some cases, yes. To determine the pole model, it is necessary to know the model and quantity of reflectors that will be used.

What is the function of the primary substation?

This equipment is installed at the point of entry of electrical power into the establishment, connecting the internal system to the local utility's distribution network. The product consists of interconnected modules, namely: underground cable entry and metering/billing devices (supplied by the electric utility), disconnectors, general protection, and transformer switching.

 

What types of cabins are available?

Approved cabin:

These are models that have modules designed for energy companies. These modules house the equipment that collects data for measurement/billing and also accommodate donated transformers, when used.

ABNT Cabin:

These are models for specific uses, intended for the control and protection of internal networks, as well as sectioning, enclosures for transformers and/or low-voltage distribution boards.

 

When is the primary substation used?

By using a metallic primary substation, it is possible to control, measure, protect, and distribute electrical energy safely and efficiently, serving the entire company plant. Its application is viable for both new projects and established installations that require increased load or restructuring of the service entrance system.

 

What are the installation procedures?

The installation of the cabin on the electrical grid must be carried out by an authorized technician, who will supervise the installation with due care and safety.

Before powering up the cabin, check that all power connections are correctly connected. If necessary, retighten all connected points. Also check the rated ohmic resistance of the grounding mesh.

When making the connections, do so according to the diagrams provided.

Cable entry and exit points must be completely sealed after installation to prevent animals and insects from entering and causing electrical short circuits.

 

Who should install the cabin?

The substation must be installed by trained, qualified, and authorized technical personnel from the local energy company, in accordance with their technical installation specifications and safety standards. No voltage source should be connected to the secondary winding (auxiliary service PT, protection CT, or any other induction device), as this procedure can induce high voltages in the primary winding, which can lead to serious accidents with risk of death. When handling the substation, those responsible must use personal protective equipment, such as appropriate insulating clothing, gloves, safety glasses, helmet, operating stick, and others related to safety standards.

 

How should I unload the cabin?

The cabin must be moved using the suspension hooks and never by forklifts, taking care not to damage the paint, which can cause corrosion problems after installation. Before moving the cabin, make sure that the suspension equipment is capable of supporting its weight. Worn cables or straps should not be used to lift the cabin.

 

What is the installation base for the cabin like?

The base used to secure the cabin must be sized to support its weight.

The cabin should be installed on the base in a way that corrects any imperfections between the two, thus preventing the entry of dust and insects, which can cause a short circuit.

Also ensure that the cabinet is connected to a permanent grounding point with low ohmic resistance. There are two grounding terminals in the cabinet. One is located at the cable entry and the other at the cable exit.

 

What are the accessories and components of a cabin?

The accessories and components of the cabin are designed to ensure the safety of the equipment and the personnel involved; they are: 

· Muffle

• Through bushing

• Lightning rod

• Current transformer

• Potential transformer

• Three-pole disconnect switch

• Medium voltage circuit breaker

• Protection relay

 

What is the function of the current transformer (CT) in the protection system?

The current transformer acts to establish the current that should flow through the circuit. If an overcurrent occurs in the system, it is the CT's responsibility to inform the relay of the occurrences so that it can act and prevent damage.

 

What is the function of the potential transformer (PT) in the protection system?

This equipment is used to reduce the voltage of the medium-voltage circuit to levels compatible with the maximum supported by the internal instruments. This voltage will be used to power the protection relay, the ventilation system and, when necessary, can be applied to internal auxiliary outlets.

 

What is the function of a three-pole medium-voltage disconnect switch?

This is a switching device designed to establish and interrupt electrical circuits, providing an isolation distance that ensures the specified safety conditions in relation to any energized circuits.

 

What is the function of a medium-voltage circuit breaker?

Circuit breakers are distinguished by the fact that they require low mechanical energy to operate. Basically, they consist of a set of mechanical controls (energy stored in springs) and three sealed ampoules with two contacts: one fixed and one movable.

When the contacts separate, an electric arc is established through the metallic vapor, and the current to be interrupted flows through the plasma until the first zero crossing of the current. The electric arc is then extinguished.

 

What are the models of medium voltage circuit breakers?

Vacuum circuit breaker:

It has a robust and compact structure and is used to protect electrical circuits. The interruption of the electrical current is done within a ceramic structure known as a vacuum tube. The tube is completely insulated, allowing a high vacuum inside, and houses the fixed and moving contacts for arc extinction.

Gas circuit breaker:

It has a robust structure, with mechanical or motorized front operation control, and features 3 separate and mechanically connected poles, integrated into an insulating bulb of the "sealed pressure system" type. This bulb is filled with low-pressure SF6 gas to extinguish the arc.

What is the function of a protection relay?

The protection relay acts to prevent abnormalities in the power distribution network, such as overvoltage, phase or neutral fault, and overcurrent, from causing damage to loads connected downstream of the primary substation.

What is the grounding system like in the cabin?

The cabin grounding system uses 50 mm² bare copper cables, fixed directly to the internal structures. The installer must then connect it to the external grounding grid.

All equipment, accessories, and components are interconnected to this internal grounding grid.

 

What is the degree of protection?

The NBR IEC 60529 standard – Degrees of protection provided by enclosures – is used to classify the degrees of protection in enclosures for electrical equipment with a nominal voltage not exceeding 72.5 kV. It is from this standard that we obtain the classifications of the degree of protection against the ingress of water and particles in the various types of equipment we know.

 

How does heat exchange occur inside the cabin?

To ensure the necessary heat exchange between the internal equipment, the cabin has a ventilation system installed in its structure via grilles on the side doors.

 

What is the protection system in place to prevent high humidity levels?

For locations with high humidity levels, the cabin has a system that uses internal resistors and a capillary thermostat, which is activated if there is a temperature change inside the cabin modules.

 

What are the safety devices that power the cabin protection system?

Capacitive circuit breaker:

This is a power supply made up of capacitors, responsible for activating the circuit breaker and powering the protection relay in case of a power outage.

Uninterruptible power supply:

Device used to ensure power supply to the protection relay in case of power failure.

 

When should I perform preventive maintenance?

With the exception of emergency maneuvers, it is essential to have a prior schedule and a list of procedures to be performed to ensure that maintenance is carried out safely. To perform scheduled maintenance, the cabin must be completely de-energized. To do this:

• Always disconnect the circuit using the circuit breaker and never the disconnect switch. Circuit breakers are designed to withstand power surges and even short circuits.

• Perform the voltage test using calibrated equipment;

• Perform temporary grounding;

Isolate the area;

 

How do I request service during the warranty period?

You should contact the Regional Representative.

 

What should I do if the cabin develops a problem outside of the warranty period?

The consumer can have the repair done at any company of their choice. If you need any guidance, please contact the Regional Representative.

What is the function of the skid?

Being a monobloc unit mounted on a compact platform, this product is designed for power ranges between 500 and 8000 kVA. Manufactured from high-strength galvanized steel for IP-54 outdoor installation, it has all the necessary equipment integrated, including a medium-voltage switchgear (metering and protection), power transformer (dry or oil-filled), distribution panel (low voltage), and inverters, for quick connection to your plant. Mounted on a metal base, the skid is supplied ready for use; simply connect the cables from the field through the openings on the underside, and prepare the masonry platform for its installation. The skid allows for optimized and efficient power generation, minimizing downtime for maintenance or repairs.

What are the types of skids?

Distributed generation skid:

These models are highly customizable, as they can accommodate inverters integrated into the solution, compartmentalized as follows: medium voltage protection and measurement panel, auxiliary transformer and power transformer, general low voltage protection and control panel, mounting bracket for inverters and interconnection cables.

Another version has the inverters installed in the module structure, compartmentalized as follows: medium voltage protection and measurement panel, auxiliary transformer and power transformer, general low voltage protection and control panel.

Centralized generation skid:

These models are built to serve large power plants, compartmentalized as follows: medium voltage protection panel, control and communication panel, auxiliary transformer and power transformer, as well as interconnection cables.

Thanks to Romagnole technology, power transformers for centralized generation can supply one or more central inverters, thus reducing the number of transformers in the field.

Note: Both models may undergo changes according to the project approved by the energy concessionaire;

When is a skid used?

Its application is viable for new projects or for already established installations that require system restructuring, as its "plug and play" installation provides reduced installation costs due to its mobility. Another reduction is in relation to CAPEX for civil infrastructure and cabling due to proximity to the main distribution board (QGBT), and a reduction in OPEX for services and field personnel.

What are the Skid installation procedures?

Mounted on a metal base, the skid is supplied ready for use, requiring only the connection of cables from the field through openings on the underside, as well as the installation and configuration of the inverters.

Along with the product approval drawings, a diagram for preparing the masonry platform for securing the equipment to the ground is included.

Who should install Skid?

The skid must be installed by qualified technical personnel, authorized and certified by the owner's engineering department, in accordance with the technical installation specifications and safety standards.

No voltage source should be connected to the secondary winding (auxiliary service PT, protection CT or any other induction device), as this procedure may induce high voltages in the primary winding, which can lead to serious accidents with risk of death. When handling the skid, those responsible must use personal protective equipment, such as appropriate insulating clothing, gloves, safety glasses, helmet, operating stick and other equipment related to safety standards.

How do I download the skid?

The skid must be moved using the indicated suspension points, sometimes using a "lift beam" and never by forklifts, taking care not to damage the structure or the paint, which can cause corrosion problems after installation.

Before moving the skid, ensure that the lifting equipment is capable of supporting the weight. Never use worn cables or straps to lift the product.

What should the base be like for securing the skid to the ground?

The concrete base used to secure the skid must be dimensioned to support its mass. The skid should be positioned on the base in such a way as to correct any imperfections between the two, thus preventing the entry of dust and insects, which can cause short circuits.

Also ensure that the skid is connected to a permanent grounding point with low ohmic resistance. The skid has grounding terminals located at the cable entry and another at the exit.

What are the accessories and components of a skid?

The accessories and components of a skid are designed to ensure the safety of the equipment and personnel involved, and include:

• Silencer

• Through bushing

• Lightning rod

• Current transformer

• Potential transformer

• Auxiliary transformer (dry or oil-filled)

• Power transformer (dry or oil-filled)

• Three-pole disconnect switch for medium and low voltage

• Medium and low voltage circuit breaker

• Protection relay

Temperature relay

• Artificial lighting

· Control Panel

• Low voltage main switchboard

• Communication and power cables

• Grounding grid

• Oil containment box (pre-specified capacity)

What is the function of the current transformer (CT) in a medium voltage protection system?

The current transformer acts to establish the current that should flow through the circuit. If an overcurrent occurs in the system, it is the CT's responsibility to inform the relay of the occurrences so that it can take action and prevent damage.

What is the function of the potential transformer (PT) in a medium voltage protection system?

This equipment is used to reduce the voltage of the medium-voltage circuit to levels compatible with the maximum resistance level of the internal instruments. This voltage will be used to power the protection relay, the ventilation system and, when necessary, can be applied to the internal auxiliary outlets.

What is the function of a three-pole medium-voltage disconnect switch?

This is a switching device designed to establish and interrupt electrical circuits, providing an isolation distance that ensures the specified safety conditions in relation to any energized circuits.

What is the function of a medium-voltage circuit breaker?

Circuit breakers are distinguished by the fact that they require low mechanical energy to operate. Basically, they consist of a set of mechanical controls (energy stored in springs) and three sealed ampoules with two contacts: one fixed and one movable.

When the contacts separate, an electric arc is established through the metallic vapor, and the current to be interrupted flows through the plasma until the first zero crossing of the current. The electric arc is then extinguished.

What is the function of a protection relay?

The protection relay acts to prevent abnormalities in the power distribution network, such as overvoltage, phase or neutral failure, and overcurrent, from causing damage to loads connected downstream of the primary skid.

What is the skid grounding system?

The skid grounding system uses bare copper cables, 50 mm² gauge, fixed directly to the internal and external structures. The installer must then connect it to the external grounding grid.

All equipment, accessories, and components are interconnected to this internal grounding grid.

What is the level of protection?

The NBR IEC 60529 standard – Degrees of protection provided by enclosures – is used to classify the degrees of protection in enclosures for electrical equipment with a rated voltage not exceeding 72.5 kV. It is from this standard that we obtain the classifications of the degree of protection against the ingress of water and particles in various types of equipment we are familiar with.

How does heat exchange occur inside the skid?

To ensure the necessary heat exchange between internal equipment, the skid has a ventilation system installed in its structure via grilles on the doors.

What is the protection system in place to prevent high humidity levels?

For locations with high humidity levels, the skid has a system that uses internal resistors and a thermostat, which is activated if there is a temperature variation inside the modules.

What are the safety devices for powering the skid's medium voltage protection system?

Capacitive Trigger:

It is a power supply composed of capacitors, responsible for activating the circuit breaker and powering the protection relay in case of a power outage.

Uninterruptible Power Supply:

Device used to ensure power supply to the protection relay in case of power failure.

When should I perform preventive maintenance on skid transformers?

Operational records should be obtained through readings from indicating instruments, extraordinary occurrences related to the equipment, as well as any event, whether or not related to the operation of the electrical system, that may affect its performance and/or intrinsic characteristics.

It is recommended to read the temperature indicators (observe the ambient temperature) of the oil level, load, and voltage indicators of the transformer daily.

Verify that the current, during peak load hours, does not exceed its nominal value, to prevent the transformer from exceeding the temperature rise specified by the standards.

How should I perform preventive maintenance on the skid?

With the exception of emergency maneuvers, it is essential to develop a schedule in advance and a list of procedures to be performed to ensure that maintenance is carried out safely.

To perform scheduled maintenance, the skid must be completely de-energized. To do this:

• Always disconnect the circuit using the medium-voltage circuit breaker and never using the disconnect switch. Circuit breakers are designed to withstand load surges and even short circuits.

• Perform voltage tests using calibrated equipment;

• Perform a temporary grounding;

Isolate the area.

Is it necessary to change the oil in the skid transformer?

Transformer oil should preferably be changed when the transformer is overheating during normal operation and the oil viscosity is low. The change should be as thorough as possible, as rapidly mixing new oil with old oil causes the properties of the lower quality oil to predominate.

When replacing oil that has been removed or leaked in small quantities, the oil to be added must be free of moisture, pure, and of the same quality as the transformer oil.

Does a dry-type transformer require no maintenance?

This is an argument commonly used by manufacturers of dry-type transformers to reinforce the benefits of this type of equipment. While they offer advantages in terms of maintenance activities, it is important to highlight that dry-type transformers require periodic interventions, inspections, and tests, like any other equipment, to operate properly and safely.

In this regard, it is important to establish a schedule of frequent activities to avoid problems such as: overheating, accumulation of dirt and contaminants, which can cause loss of cooling capacity and consequent loss of power, deformations or structural damage, and potential equipment failures.

How should I request services during the warranty period?

You should contact the representative for your region.

What should I do if the skid has problems outside of the warranty period?

The consumer can have the repair done at any company of their choice. If you need any guidance, contact the representative in your region.

What is a Smart Grid?

A Smart Grid is an electrical network that intelligently integrates the needs of all connected users in order to provide electricity efficiently, economically, sustainably, and safely.

Who can benefit from the implementation of a Smart Grid?

All users, whether they are: generators, consumers, prosumers or electricity distributors.

There are applications for distributed mini-generation, power generation plants, self-producers, horizontal condominiums, external substations, protection and automation of rural and urban networks for cooperatives, industries, and sanitation companies.

What types of problems can the use of a Smart Grid solve in an electricity distribution company?

Only 5% of faults in the electrical system are permanent; others are semi-transient or transient in nature. The use of an automatic recloser in these cases of transient faults can reduce operating costs and increase the safety of the electrical distribution system.

The quality of power supply can also be improved with smart voltage regulators.

The widespread use of Smart Grids can facilitate network expansion planning and asset management, reduce technical and commercial losses, and prepare the electrical system to receive Distributed Generation (DG), electric vehicles, and electrical energy storage systems.

What is the function of automatic reclosers?

The automatic recloser performs opening and closing operations in an attempt to eliminate transient faults, without the need for operator intervention.

How many reconnections does the equipment make?

The automatic recloser allows adjustment from 1 to 5 openings. The design engineer responsible for protection needs to define how many reclosing options are allowed.

What happens if the automatic recloser performs the last programmed opening and the fault is not cleared?

If, after the automatic reclosing cycles are completed, the fault remains in the network, the recloser will enter lockout mode after the last opening and will remain in that position until a closing command is sent by an operator.

Does the automatic recloser only apply to installations between sections in distribution lines?

No. Still considering the distribution line, in addition to its application for section protection, automatic reclosers can be used for load transfer and self-repair. Another application for this equipment is its use as an interruption element in both power substations and in entries for distributed generation systems (wind, photovoltaic, gas, etc.) or subdivisions.

What are the advantages of using an automatic recloser?

In addition to its primary function of protection, the automatic recloser, equipped with voltage and current sensors, becomes a crucial piece of equipment in the entire network ecosystem, providing essential data to the utility company. This information is monitored and processed by the control center and is responsible for accurately identifying the problem, reducing costs and response time for resolving incidents. These characteristics allow the automatic recloser to integrate into the utility company's smart grid.

For what voltage levels can I use Romagnole brand automatic reclosers?

Romagnole has automatic recloser designs to meet nominal voltages of 15 kV, 27 kV and 38 kV.

Are Romagnole automatic reclosers single-phase or three-phase?

Romagnole brand automatic reclosers are of the three-phase type, with only one actuator for all 3 phases.

What is the function of voltage regulators?

Voltage regulators are designed to compensate for voltage variations in the grid caused by changes in the load connected to the grid.

What is the voltage variation compensation capacity of voltage regulators?

Romagnole brand regulators are designed to compensate for variations of +/- 10% from the nominal mains voltage.

What are the main applications of voltage regulators?

Regulators are primarily used by electric power utilities to compensate for voltage variations in feeders or distribution systems.

Are Romagnole voltage regulators single-phase or three-phase?

Romagnole voltage regulators are single-phase and can be installed in three-piece arrangements for use in three-phase networks.

What are the possible installation arrangements for voltage regulators in three-phase networks?

The installation of voltage regulator banks in three-phase networks is recommended in a grounded star, closed delta, or open delta arrangement.

What are the possible mounting configurations for voltage regulators?

Voltage regulators can be installed directly on poles or on a platform.

What is the function of a transformer?

A transformer is a device designed to modify voltage and current levels, keeping the electrical power virtually constant from one circuit to another, and also modifying the values of electrical impedances in an electrical circuit.

What are the different types of transformers?

Distribution transformer:
It is mainly used by energy distribution companies to distribute different amounts of electricity to consumers than those generated, tailored to each type of consumer.
Power transformers:
They are used for power generation and distribution by utilities, as well as in substations for medium and large-scale projects.

What type of oil?

Type A insulating mineral oil: naphthenic base
Type B insulating mineral oil: paraffin-based
Vegetable oil (biodegradable)

What is the function of oil?

The primary function of oil is cooling, serving as a heat exchange medium between the active part and the environment. Another function of oil in electrical equipment is insulation, where the fluid acts as a dielectric or arc extinguisher.

Is it necessary to change the oil?

Transformer oil should preferably be changed when the transformer is overheating during normal operation and the oil viscosity is low. The change should be as thorough as possible, as rapidly mixing new oil with old oil causes the properties of the lower quality oil to predominate.

When replacing oil that has been removed or leaked in small quantities, the oil to be added must be free of moisture, pure, and of the same quality as the transformer oil.

How often should oil be analyzed?

An analysis of the insulating oil should be performed annually, through sample collection and physical and chemical tests. Gas analysis in accordance with NBR-7274 is also recommended.

What is TAP used for?

It is a device used to change the taps of a winding, and this operation must be performed with the transformer de-energized. Changing the tap allows increasing or decreasing the voltage by varying the transformation ratio.

How do I adjust the TAP?

The voltage regulator operating lever is usually located on the tank wall, near the nameplate. To operate it, the following procedures must be followed:

A. Check that the tank is grounded. Disconnect the transformer from the power supply.

B. Ground all terminals before operating the switch handle;

C. Unscrew the position locking screw until the position indicator is free;

D. Change to the desired tap position;

E. Tighten the locking screw.

When the switchgear is not being operated externally, access is gained by opening the inspection cover, which, when open, must be properly closed to prevent moisture from entering. Take special care to prevent metal objects from falling inside the transformer. If this occurs, the transformer must be returned to the factory or to a service technician for removal of the object before energization.

What is the function of a thermometer?

The thermometer has two pointers, one indicating the maximum temperature reached in a given period and the other indicating the current temperature. The connection pointers and the maximum temperature pointer are externally controllable; the first two are moved only by external action, while the latter is activated by the temperature needle (drag pointer) only when rising. When descending, it remains stationary, subject only to external action, allowing verification of the maximum temperature reached in a given period.

What is the function of a manometer?

The pressure gauge measures the internal pressure and vacuum in the transformer tank. It may be equipped with internal contacts for alarm and shutdown.

What is the function of the relief valve?

The valve is a mechanical device for protection against internal overpressure, providing pressure relief in the transformer during overpressure conditions, with automatic seal restoration when the pressure drops. It has a connected stainless steel extractor ring to allow manual operation, which consists of pulling the ring out of the device.

What is the function of the Buchholz gas relay?

The Buchholz relay is an accessory installed in power transformers that use oil as a dielectric and cooling medium, equipped with an upper reserve called a "conservator". The Buchholz relay is a device that protects against oil shortage, gas buildup, and dielectric failures.
The relay has two detection methods. In case of a small overload, the gas produced by the decomposition of the oil accumulates in the upper part of the relay and forces the upper level to drop. A float switch in the relay is used to activate an alarm. This option also works even when the oil level is low, such as in the case of a small oil leak. In the case of an electric arc, the gas buildup is sudden and the oil flows rapidly into the conservator.

What is the function of the storage tank?

An oil conservator is an accessory designed to compensate for variations in oil volume resulting from temperature and pressure fluctuations. It has a cylindrical shape, with its axis positioned horizontally, and is installed at a sufficient height to ensure the minimum oil level required for the parts that need to be immersed.

What is the function of a thermal image relay?

Thermal imaging is the technique commonly used to measure the temperature in a transformer winding. It is called thermal imaging because it indirectly reproduces the winding temperature. The winding temperature, which is the hottest part of the transformer, is simply the oil temperature plus the temperature increase of the winding relative to the oil.

What is the purpose of a bayonet fuse?

Bayonet-type expulsion fuses must protect the transformer against external faults considered high-impedance faults. Bayonet-type expulsion fuses must be for load operation and installed internally, immersed in the tank oil, and removable without the need to open the tank. Bayonet-type expulsion fuses must be coordinated with backup protection (K-type fuses, circuit breakers, reclosers) and selective with low-voltage protection (NH fuses and switches).

Can the overhead transformer be fixed directly to the pole?

No, the transformer requires an attachment for mounting on the pole.

There are different products for each pole model, i.e., mounting brackets for circular and double T poles.

When should I perform preventive maintenance?

Operational records should be obtained through readings of indicator instruments, extraordinary occurrences related to the transformer, as well as any event related or unrelated to the operation of the electrical system that may affect the performance and/or intrinsic characteristics of the equipment. Daily readings of the temperature indicators (observe the ambient temperature), oil level indicator, load indicator, and transformer voltage are recommended. Verify that the current, during peak load hours, does not exceed its nominal value to prevent the transformer from exceeding the temperature rise specified by the standards.

When should I use a dry-type transformer?

According to standard NBR 14.039, dry-type transformers should be used when the transformer substation is an integral part of an industrial and/or commercial building, even if there are masonry walls and fire doors.

What is the level of protection?

The NBR IEC 60529 standard – Degrees of protection provided by enclosures – is used to classify the degrees of protection in enclosures for electrical equipment with a rated voltage not exceeding 72.5 kV. It is from this standard that we obtain the classifications of the degree of protection against the ingress of water and particles in various types of equipment we are familiar with.

Maintenance on dry-type transformers?

"Maintenance exemption" is an argument commonly used by dry-type transformer manufacturers to reinforce the benefits of this type of equipment. While they offer advantages in terms of maintenance activities, it's important to highlight that dry-type transformers require periodic interventions, inspections, and tests, like any other equipment, to operate properly and safely. In this sense, it's important to establish a schedule of frequent maintenance activities to avoid problems such as: overheating, accumulation of dirt and contaminants that can cause loss of cooling capacity and consequent power loss, structural deformations or damage, and potential equipment failures.

What is the function of a temperature controller for a dry-type transformer?

The controller was developed to monitor up to 3 (three) temperature channels simultaneously and is used to protect and monitor the temperature of dry-type transformers.

What are the cable connections for the pedestal transformer?

Medium voltage cables are connected to the pedestal transformer using shielded insulated connectors, TDC (interconnectable elbow terminal) and/or TDR (interconnectable straight terminal). They are divided into two categories: deadbreak for disconnection without load and loadbreak for disconnection with the equipment energized. Both models must be specified according to the standard of each utility company. Standard connectors for conventional transformers are used for low voltage connections.

What is the purpose of a current-limiting fuse?

Current-limiting fuses are designed to protect the transformer against internal tank faults, which are considered low-impedance and are installed internally immersed in the tank oil. Their operation requires opening the transformer for analysis/repair.

How should I request services during the warranty period?

You should contact the Regional Representative.

What should I do if the transformer has a problem outside of the warranty period?

The consumer can have the transformer repaired at any company of their choice. If you need any guidance, please contact the Regional Representative.

What is the Customer Portal?

The Romagnole Customer Portal is a self-service area for customers of the Romagnole Group companies. Customers can consult it and issue duplicate documents without needing to contact the company by phone or email. Greater speed and convenience to facilitate order tracking.

What features are available on the Customer Portal?

The Portal already offers the possibility to print duplicate invoices and payment slips. Order tracking and other features will be available soon.

What is the link to the Customer Portal?

Access our website's homepage, click on "Customer Area" in the top menu, and then on "Customer Portal" or Click here.

How do I access the Customer Portal for the first time?

Customers eligible to access the Customer Portal must access https://portaldocliente.romagnole.com.br/firstAccess and provide the registered email address. They will then receive a message in their inbox requesting password registration. After confirming the email and registering the password, the customer will be able to access the Portal normally.

What should I do if I forget my password?

The customer must click on “Forgot my password”, located below the login and password fields on the Customer Portal. A link will be sent to their email address to register a new password. Important: for security reasons, the customer has 20 minutes to access the link and change their password. If this deadline is missed, they must return to the Customer Portal and request a password change again.

For which Romagnole Group companies can I offer self-service on the Customer Portal? The Romagnole Group companies with active features on the Customer Portal are:

Romagnole Electrical Products

Onix Electrical Products Distributor

Acrom Profiled Steels and Cutters

Concrefort Concrete

Avimaq Hardware

How do I know if I'm eligible to access the Customer Portal?

Soon, everyone will have access to the Portal, but first, a customer registration update is required, which initially occurs when the sales order is generated or at the time of invoicing. In other words, new orders and invoices are already being updated and are eligible to access the Customer Portal.

Can I request a registration update to be eligible to access the Customer Portal?

Yes, you can. The sales team will update your registration and, in approximately 1 hour, you will receive a welcome email to access the Customer Portal.